A Practical Guide to Implementing 8. Wireless Networks For Enterprise Based Applications, 2nd Edition. Online Sample Chapter. Wireless LAN Implications, Problems, and Solutions. Step Software Testing Process Diagrams' title='11 Step Software Testing Process Diagrams' />Table of Contents. Introduction xxv. Part I Fundamental Concepts. Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless LANs 1. Wireless LAN Markets and Applications 1    Retail 2    Warehousing 2    Healthcare 4    Hospitality 5    Voice over WLAN 5    Video Surveillance 6    Home and Small Office 7    General Enterprise Systems 8    Location Aware Wireless Applications 8. Benefits of Wireless Networks 1. Mobility 1. 0    Installation in Difficult to Wire Areas 1. Increased Reliability 1. Reduced Installation Time 1. In software development, the Vmodel represents a development process that may be considered an extension of the waterfall model, and is an example of the more. Innovative software testing solutions tools and services for automated and manual testing of application software, Web sites, middleware, and system software. PDF Printer Version. Document issued on January 11, 2002. This document supersedes the draft document, General Principles of Software Validation, Version. The Object Management Group OMG is an international, open membership, notforprofit technology standards consortium. Founded in 1989, OMG standards are driven. Have you performed software installation testing How was the experience Well, Installation testing Implementation Testing is quite interesting part of software. Software Testing Quick Guide Learn Software Testing in simple and easy steps starting from its Overview, Myths, QA, QC Testing, ISO Standards, Types of Testing. Long Term Cost Savings 1. Productivity Gain Is the Answer 1. Wireless LAN Technologies 1. Initial 8. 02. 1. Current Standards 8. Comparison of 8. 02. Standards 1. 9    Wi Fi Certification 1. Wireless LANs A Historical Perspective 2. The Early Days 2. Initial 8. 02. 1. Standardization 2. Standardization 2. Summary 2. 5Chapter 2 Radio Wave Fundamentals 2. Radio Wave Attributes 2. Amplitude 2. 8        Frequency 2. Phase 2. 9RF System Components 2. RF Transceiver 2. RF Modulation 3. 0        Amplitude Shift Keying 3. Frequency Shift Keying 3. Phase Shift Keying 3. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 3. Spread Spectrum 3. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 3. RF Signal Propagation 3. Attenuation 3. 7        Free Space Loss 3. Physical Obstacles 3. Multipath Propagation 3. Noise and Signal to Noise Ratio 3. RF Mathematics 4. Converting Units 4. Summary 4. 2Chapter 3 Wireless LAN Types and Components 4. Types of Wireless LANs 4. Ad Hoc Wireless LANs 4. Infrastructure Wireless LANs 4. Wireless Mesh Networks 4. Wireless LAN Components 5. Client Devices 5. Client Radio 5. 1        Industry Standard Architecture 5. Peripheral Component Interconnect 5. Mini PCI 5. 4        PC Card 5. Express. Card 5. 5        Compact. Flash 5. 5        Universal Serial Bus 5. Access Points 5. 6        Autonomous Access Points 5. Controller Based Access Points 5. Wi Fi Routers 5. Mesh Nodes 6. Antennas 6. RF Amplifiers 6. Repeaters 6. Bridges 6. Network Infrastructure Components 6. Network Distribution Systems 6. Switches 6. 5        Optical Fiber 6. Power over Ethernet 6. Application Connectivity Software 7. Terminal Emulation 7. Browser Based Approaches 7. Direct Database Interfaces 7. Wireless Middleware 7. Summary 7. 4Chapter 4 Wireless LAN Implications 7. Security Vulnerabilities 7. Passive Monitoring 7. Unauthorized Access 7. Unauthorized Access Leads to Compromise of Financial Data 8. Denial of Service Attacks 8. Radio Signal Interference 8. Microwave Oven Interference 8. Cordless Phone Interference 8. Bluetooth Interference 9. Neighboring Wireless LAN Interference 9. Impacts of Multipath Propagation 9. Roaming Issues 9. Battery Limitations 9. Interoperability Problems 9. Installation Issues 9. Summary 9. 9Part II The 8. Standard. Chapter 5 Introduction to IEEE 8. Related Standards 1. The Importance of Standards 1. Types of Standards 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1. Benefits of the 8. Standard 1. 04        Appliance Interoperability 1. Fast Product Development 1. Stable Future Migration 1. Price Reductions 1. Avoiding Silos 1. The IEEE 8. 02 LAN Standards Family 1. MAC Sublayer 1. 09    8. Physical Layer 1. IEEE 8. 02. 2 1. 10        Unacknowledged Connectionless Service 1. Connection Oriented Service 1. Continuous ARQ 1. Stop and Wait ARQ 1. Acknowledged Connectionless Service 1. IEEE 8. 02. 1. 1 Features 1. Station Services 1. Authentication 1. Deauthentication 1. Privacy 1. 18    Distribution System Services 1. Association 1. 18        Disassociation 1. Distribution 1. 18        Integration 1. Re association 1. Station States and Corresponding Frame Types 1. Summary 1. 21. Chapter 6 IEEE 8. Medium Access Control MAC Layer 1. Primary 8. 02. 1. MAC Layer Functions 1. Data Delivery 1. 24    Medium Access 1. Distributed Coordination Function 1. Hybrid Coordination Function 1. Error Recovery 1. Data Frame Acknowledgements 1. Dynamic Rate Switching 1. Data Frame Aggregation 1. MSDU Aggregation 1. MPDU Aggregation 1. Data Frame Fragmentation 1. Encryption 1. 34        Wired Equivalent Privacy 1. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol 1. CCMP 1. 36    Multicasting 1. Connectivity 1. 38    Scanning for Networks 1. Authentication 1. Open System Authentication 1. Shared Key Authentication 1. IEEE 8. 02. 1. X Port Based Authentication 1. Associating with the Access Point 1. Way Handshake 1. 45. Timing and Synchronization 1. Short IFS 1. 46    PCF IFS 1. DCF IFS 1. 47    Extended IFS 1. RTSCTS 1. 47    Power Management 1. MAC Frame Structures 1. Protocol Version Field 1. Type Field 1. 50        Subtype Field 1. To DS Field 1. 52    From DS Field 1. More Frag Field 1. Retry Field 1. 53    Power Management Field 1. More Data Field 1. Protected Frame Field 1. Order Field 1. 53    DurationID Field 1. Address 1, 2, 3, and 4 Fields 1. Sequence Control Field 1. Qo. S Control Field 1. HT Control Field 1. Frame Body Field 1. Frame Check Sequence Field 1. MAC Frame Types 1. Management Frames 1. Association Request Frame 1. Association Response Frame 1. Re association Request Frame 1. Re association Response Frame 1. Probe Request Frame 1. Probe Response Frame 1. Beacon Frame 1. 57        ATIM Frame 1. Disassociation Frame 1. Authentication Frame 1. Deauthentication Frame 1. Action Frame 1. 60        Action No ACK Frame 1. Management Frame Body Contents 1. Control Frames 1. Control Wrapper Frame 1. Block ACK Request Frame 1. Block ACK Frame 1. Power Save Poll Frame 1. Request to Send Frame 1. Clear to Send Frame 1. Acknowledgement Frame 1. Contention Free End Frame 1. CF End CF ACK Frame 1. Online Video Converter 3 3 Rarest. Data Frames 1. 63. Interoperability 1. Summary 1. 65. Chapter 7 IEEE 8. Physical PHY Layers 1. Physical Layer Architecture 1. PLCP Sublayer 1. 68    PMD Sublayer 1. Physical Layer Functions 1. Carrier Sense Function 1. Transmit Function 1. Receive Function 1. Legacy 8. 02. 1. 1 Physical Layers 1. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum PHY 1. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum PHY 1. Infrared PHY 1. 75    Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing PHY 8. High Rate Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum PHY 8. Extended Rate PHY 8. High Throughput 8. MIMO Concepts 1. 80        Transmit Beamforming 1. Spatial Multiplexing 1. Channel Bonding 1. Modulation 1. 84    Interoperability 1. Very High Throughput 6 GHz 8. RF Channel Bandwidth 1. Multi User MIMO 1. Interoperability 1. Summary 1. 90. Part III Wireless Network Design. Chapter 8 Planning a Wireless LAN Deployment 1. Project Management Principles 1. Wireless LAN Deployment Planning Steps 1. Step 1 Defining the Project Scope 1. Project Charter 1. Assumptions 1. 94        Constraints 1. Step 2 Developing the Work Breakdown Structure 1. Requirements Definition Phase 1. Design Phase 1. 97    Implementation Phase 1. Operations and Maintenance Phase 2. Step 3 Identifying Staffing 2. Step 4 Creating a Schedule 2. Step 5 Developing a Budget 2. Preliminary Requirements and Design 2. Hardware and Software Costs 2. Deployment Services Costs 2. Ongoing Operations and Maintenance Costs 2. Step 6 Evaluating Risks 2. Step 7 Analyzing Feasibility 2. Costs 2. 17        Benefits 2. Impacts on Users 2. Impacts on Existing Systems 2. Making the Decision to Proceed 2. Executing the Project 2. The Kickoff Meeting 2. Evaluating the Outcome of the Project 2. Summary 2. 25. Chapter 9 Defining Requirements for a Wireless LAN 2. Requirements Attributes 2. Requirements Definition Steps 2. Step 1 Gathering Information 2. Interviewing Users 2. Interviewing IT Staff 2. Basic Interview Questions for Manual Testing. What is the difference between Functional. Requirement and Non Functional Requirement The Functional Requirement specifies how the system or application SHOULD DO. Non Functional Requirement it specifies how the system or application SHOULD. BE. Some functional Requirements are. Authentication. Business rules. Historical Data. Legal and Regulatory Requirements. External Interfaces. Some Non Functional Requirements are. Performance. Reliability. Security Recovery. Data Integrity. Usability. How Severity and Priority are related to. Severity tells the seriousnessdepth of the bug where as Priority tells which bug should rectify first. Severity Application point of view. Priority User point of view 3. Explain the different types of Severity User Interface Defect Low. Boundary Related Defects Medium. Error Handling Defects Medium. Calculation Defects High. Interpreting Data Defects High. Hardware Failures Problems High. Compatibility and Intersystem defects High. Control Flow defects High. Load conditions Memory leakages under load testing High. What is the difference between Priority. Severity The terms Priority and Severity are used in Bug Tracking to share the. Severity Is found in the Application point of view. Priority Is found in the User point of. Severity tells the seriousnessdepth of the bugThe Severity status is used to explain how badly the deviation is affecting the build. The severity type is defined by the tester based on the written test cases and functionality. Example. If an application or a web page crashes when a. PRIORITY tells which bug should. The Priority status is set by the tester to the developer mentioning the time frame to fix a defect. If High priority is mentioned then the developer has to fix it at the earliest. The priority status is set based on the customer requirements. Example If the company name is misspelled in the home. Severity Describes the bug in terms of functionality. Priority Describes the bug in terms of customer. Few examples High Severity and Low Priority. Application doesnt allow customer expected configuration. High Severity and High Priority Application doesnt allow multiple. Low Severity and High Priority No error message to prevent wrong. Low Severity and low Priority Error message is having complex meaning. Or. Few examples High Severity Low priority. Supposing, you try the wildest or the weirdest. The priority would be low as the. Low Severity High priority. An example would be you find a spelling. Say, the name is. Google and its spelled there as Gaogle. Though, it doesnt. Hence, the priority is high. High severity High Priority. A bug which is a show stopper. An example would be a run time. Low severity low priority. Cosmetic bugs. What is Defect Severity A defect is a product anomaly or flaw, which is. The classification of defect based. Defect Severity. 5. What is Bucket Testing Bucket testing also known as AB Testing is mostly used to study the impact of. What is Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing Entry Criteria is the process that must be present when a system begins, like, SRS Software Requirement Specification FRS Functional Requirement Specification Usecase Test Case Test plan. Exit Criteria ensures whether testing is. Test Summary Report. Metrics. Defect Analysis report. What is Concurrency Testing Concurrency Testing also commonly known as Multi User Testing is used to know. Application, Code Module or Database by different. It helps in identifying and measuring the problems in. Response time, levels of locking and deadlocking in the application. Example. Load runner is widely used for this type of. Vugen Virtual User Generator is used to add the number of concurrent. Gradual Ramp up or Spike Stepped. Explain Statement coverageCode coverageLine Coverage Statement Coverage or Code Coverage or Line Coverage is a metric used in White. Box Testing where we can identify the statements executed and where the code is. In this process each and every line of the code. Some advantages of Statement Coverage Code. Coverage Line Coverage are. It verifies what the written code is expected to do and not to do. It measures the quality of code written. It checks the flow of different paths in the program also ensure whether those paths are tested or not. To Calculate Statement Coverage,Statement Coverage Statements Tested Total. No. of Statements. Explain Branch CoverageDecision Coverage Branch Coverage or Decision Coverage metric is used to check the volume of. This process is used to ensure whether all the. To Calculate Branch Coverage,Branch Coverage Tested Decision Outcomes. Total Decision Outcomes. What is the difference between High level and Low Level test case High level Test cases are those which cover major functionality in the. Low level test cases are those related to User Interface UI in the. Explain Localization testing with example Localization is the process of changing or modifying an application to a. This includes change in user interface, graphical. In terms of Localization Testing it verifies how correctly the application is. In case of translation required of the application on that local language. Other. formats like date conversion, hardware and software usage like operating system. Examples for Localization Testing are. In Islamic Banking all the transactions and. Shariah Law, some important points to be noted in. Islamic Banking are. In Islamic Banking, the bank shares the profit and loss with the customer. In Islamic Banking, the bank cannot charge interest on the customer instead they charge a nominal fee which is termed as Profit. In Islamic Banking, the bank will not deal or invest in business like Gambling, Alcohol, Pork, etc. In this case, we need to test whether these Islamic banking conditions were. In Islamic Lending, they follow both the Gregorian calendar and Hijiri Calendar. The Hijiri Calendar is commonly. Islamic Calendar followed in all the Muslim countries according to the. The Hijiri Calendar has 1. Gregorian calendar. In this case, we need to test the repayment. Gregorian calendar and Hijiri Calendar. Explain Risk Analysis in Software Testing In Software Testing, Risk Analysis is the process of identifying risks in. In Software testing some unavoidable risk might takes place like. Change in requirements or Incomplete requirements. Time allocation for testing. Developers delaying to deliver the build for testing. Urgency from client for delivery. Defect Leakage due to application size or complexity. To overcome these risks, the following activities can be done. Conducting Risk Assessment review meeting with the development team. Profile for Risk coverage is created by mentioning the importance of each area. Using maximum resources to work on High Risk areas like allocating more testers for High risk areas and minimum resources for Medium and Low risk areas. Creation of Risk assessment database for future maintenance and management review. What is the difference between Two Tier. Architecture and Three Tier Architecture In Two Tier Architecture or ClientServer Architecture two layers like. Client and Server is involved. The Client sends request to Server and the Server. The problem with the Two. Tier Architecture is the server cannot respond to multiple requests at the same. The ClientServer Testing involves testing the Two Tier Architecture of user. Client. Hardware and Servers.